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Title FARMERS' OPINIONS AND INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON SOIL PEST DAMAGE TO GROUNDNUT IN WEST AFRICA
Full text http://hdl.handle.net/1807/190
Date 2001
Author(s) Umeh, V. C.; Waliyar, F.; Traoré, S.; Chaibou, I. M.; Omar, B.; Detognon, J.
Abstract Farmers in the groundnut belts of Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria and Benin in West Africa were interviewed for their ability to identify economically importanct soil pests infesting their groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crops, and to obtain information on farm histories and cultural practices which may influence soil pest infestation and spread in a field. Termites, whitegrubs and millipedes were recognised by the farmers as being the most important soil pests, with termites being the most damaging group. A negative correlation (P < 0.05) was found between the number of years a farm was cultivated and the frequency of termite occurrence in it. Information on cultural practices obtained from interviews and field visits indicated that practices such as late harvesting and the leaving behind of residues of previous sorghum, millet and maize crops increased termite infestation. The cutting down and burning of the vegetation in a farm before planting significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentage of plants attacked by termites. The cultivation of short-duration (< 100 days) varieties to escape drought at the end of the cropping season did not significantly reduce termite damage, due to late harvest. Other farmers' practices which are likely to have contributed to soil pest damage are also discussed. RÉSUMÉ Les fermiers de la zone de culture de l'arachide, du Mali, du Burkina-Faso, du Niger, du Nigeria et du Bénin ont été interrogés afin d'estimer leur capacité de reconnaissance des ravageurs du sol d'importance économique, infestant leurs cultures d'arachide (Arachis hypogaea L.). Cette enquête a également permis d'obtenir des informations sur l'histoire et les pratiques culturales pouvant influencer l'infestation et la propagation des ravageurs du sol dans un champ. Les ravageurs du sol les plus importants reconnus par les fermiers sont les termites, les vers blancs et les mille-pattes, les termites étant responsables des dégâts les plus importants. Une corrélation significativement négative (P < 0.05) a été trouvée entre le nombre d'années de culture du champ et la fréquence des termites dans ce dernier. Les informations obtenues sur les pratiques culturales à partir des questionnaires et des visites au champ indiquent qu'une récolte tardive et la présence dans le champ de résidus des cultures antérieures de sorgho, de mil et de maïs augmentent l'infestation par les termites. Le défrichage et le brûlage de la végétation avant les semis réduisent significativement (P < 0.05) le pourcentage de plantes attaquées par les termites. La culture de variétés à cycles courts (< 100 jours), permettant d'éviter la sécheresse en fin de cycle cultural, n'a pas réduit significativement les dégâts provoqués par les termites car la récolte a été trop tardive. Les autres pratiques culturales qui contribuent vraisemblablement aux dégâts des ravageurs du sol sont également discutées.
Subject(s) cultural practices, groundnut, Arachis hypogaea, intercropping, millipede, termites, whitegrub pratiques culturales, arachide, Arachis hypogaea, culture associée, lille-pattes, termite, ver blanc; Zoology
Language en_US
Publisher International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Kenya
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Type of publication Journal (Paginated); Yes
Format 1815 bytes; 50248 bytes; text/plain; application/pdf
Identifier Insect Science and its Application 21(3):257-265
Repository Toronto - University of Toronto
Added to C-A: 2014-06-30;10:40:11